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Abstract

This article encompassed the effect of diverse leadership behaviors on employee morale across variable organizational contexts but with a core interest in transformational and participative styles. The analysis brings together findings from a range of methodological approaches that include cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal studies, multi-level analyses, and cross-national research to provide a comprehensive understanding of how leadership impacts employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational success. These results indicate that supportive, positive leadership behaviors - empowering and engaging leadership - affect employee morale and innovative behavior - autocratic leadership results in destructive outcomes, such as employee dissatisfaction and high turnover rates. Perhaps what comes across most strongly in this review is the need for more adaptive, more engaged, and culturally sensitive practices within leadership in creating a supportive and productive work environment that will further lead to organizational performance and well-being for the employee. The study contributes to existing knowledge by integrating various research methodologies and practical views applicable to organizational leaders interested in maximizing employee engagement and productivity.

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