Date

8-20-2026

Department

School of Education

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Education (PhD)

Chair

Laura E. Jones

Keywords

confidence curve, interprofessional, observational learning, self-efficacy, simulation-based medical education, Sim-IPE, social cognitive learning, vicarious learning

Disciplines

Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Medical Specialties

Abstract

The purpose of this single-case design study is to explore the impact of observational and vicarious learning during simulation-enhanced interprofessional education (Sim-IPE) on the confidence and perceived self-efficacy of nursing students and IM residents at a southeastern university. Guided by Bandura’s social cognitive learning theory, which addresses the personnel, behavioral, and environmental factors of Sim-IPE, while answering the central research question: How does observational and vicarious learning during Sim-IPE impact participant confidence and perceived self-efficacy? This qualitative single-case study was conducted at a university in the southeastern United States, using data collected through visual confidence analog scale surveys, interviews, and reflective writing questions. Reflexive thematic analysis identified three interconnecting themes: observational learning, behavioral change, and capabilities feedback. The findings indicate that Sim-IPE increases participants’ confidence in observing others, applying learned skills, and changing behavior, thereby enhancing competencies relevant to clinical practice. Through observational and vicarious learning in Sim-IPE sessions, increased confidence and perceived self-efficacy can generalize to other medical disciplines. The study underscores that a theoretical framework grounded in social cognitive theory aligns with best practices and extends benefits beyond simulation training to improve patient safety, teamwork, and clinical skills. Ultimately, integrating social cognitive principles into Sim-IPE effectively prepares nursing and IM professionals for collaborative, patient-centered care.

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