Date
6-17-2026
Department
School of Behavioral Sciences
Degree
Doctor of Education in Community Care and Counseling (EdD)
Chair
Jason Ward
Keywords
incarceration, intergenerational trauma, resilience, transgenerational trauma, trauma transmission
Disciplines
Counseling
Recommended Citation
Pounder, Vivian Elaine, "Wounds Passed Down: Transgenerational Trauma, Incarceration, and Reentry — A Qualitative Phenomenological Study in the Northeastern United States" (2026). Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 8610.
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8610
Abstract
This qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals to examine how trauma is transmitted across generations and how it influences long-term incarceration. Guided by transgenerational trauma theory, the research aimed to understand the role of family dynamics, environmental factors, and societal structures in shaping behavioral patterns that lead to incarceration. Data were collected from seven participants through structured interviews, questionnaires, and life event checklists. Thematic analysis, using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework, revealed three core themes: (1) descriptions of lived trauma leading to incarceration, (2) coping and resilience strategies developed during prison time, and (3) the role of societal factors, such as race, poverty, and access to resources, in shaping life trajectories. Findings indicated that trauma was experienced as cumulative, often beginning in early childhood and reinforced by intergenerational patterns of adversity. Most participants identified nurture, particularly through caregiver relationships and environmental instability, as the primary mechanism for trauma transmission. Participants described both survival-based and growth-oriented coping mechanisms during incarceration and noted structural barriers to reintegration post-release. The study underscores the importance of trauma-informed approaches in correctional, mental health, and community reentry services. It highlights the need for broader, culturally competent support systems that recognize trauma’s lasting impact across generations. The findings contribute to intergenerational trauma theory and provide practical recommendations for breaking cycles of trauma and incarceration through early intervention and systemic reform.
