Date
4-29-2026
Department
School of Education
Degree
Doctor of Philosophy in Advanced Educational Studies (PhD)
Chair
Traci Eshelman
Keywords
cognitive theory of multimedia learning, community of learners, educational technology, e-learning, extraneous load, rural STEM
Disciplines
Education | Instructional Media Design
Recommended Citation
Halko, Joseph W., "An Investigation Into Bridging the Rural Stem Gap With Multimedia Learning Principles: A Phenomenological Study" (2026). Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 8240.
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8240
Abstract
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand the lived experiences of STEM teachers at rural secondary schools concerning the use of multimedia learning tools to support cognitive processes during instruction. Meyer’s cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) provides the theoretical framework for this study, ensuring that multimedia learning modalities, such as e-learning platforms and educational technology, are grounded in sound cognitive theory. The central question is, “What are the lived experiences of rural secondary STEM teachers concerning the use of multimedia learning tools to support cognitive processes during instruction?” To support this investigation, a phenomenological methodology based on Moustakas’ transcendental design was used to capture the essence of the phenomenon. The participants for this study were 9 rural STEM teachers and 2 administrators who used multimedia interventions. Data analysis followed the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen transcendental phenomenological data analysis method as described by Moustakas. The analysis unveiled three themes: planning and preparation challenges, adapting to student needs, and need for practical professional development. Further analysis of these themes produced two structural themes: systemic disadvantages and proactive and flexible community of learners. The structural themes revealed the essence of the phenomenon: rural secondary STEM teachers and administrators adapt to survive in their environment and persevere through adversity to serve their community. However, the participants made it clear that they need support to provide their students with equitable STEM opportunities.
