Date

1-14-2026

Department

School of Behavioral Sciences

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD)

Chair

Bethany Mims-Beliles

Keywords

Prison rehabilitation, Criminal identity, Norwegian prison model, Normalization, Criminal recidivism, Prison architecture

Disciplines

Psychology | Social and Behavioral Sciences

Abstract

This study evaluates the viability of implementing Norwegian rehabilitative frameworks within the American prison system by gathering the perspectives of formerly incarcerated men in the United States. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the research sought to understand how American offenders perceive Norwegian normalization techniques, such as single-occupancy rooms, humane architectural environments, respectful inmate-officer relationships, and their potential to promote rehabilitation and reduce recidivism. Fifteen participants who had served a minimum of three weeks in correctional institutions completed open-ended questionnaires analyzed through conceptual content analysis. Findings revealed strong support for individualized rooms, normalized environments, and increased positive human interaction as transformative factors that could reduce criminal identity and promote reintegration. Participants emphasized that true rehabilitation arises not from punishment but from being treated with dignity and humanity. The study concludes that Norwegian principles of normalization, when contextualized for American culture and resources, could serve as a viable model for reforming incarceration practices. Grounded in both psychological theory and biblical foundations of restoration, this research provides insight into how correctional systems can shift from retaliation to rehabilitation, building safer communities and restoring individuals to their intended purpose.

Download

Included in

Psychology Commons

Share

COinS