Category
Poster - Basic
Description
Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and Dextromethorphan (Dxm) are hallucinogenic drugs commonly abused in the USA and are included in common drugs of abuse panels. Ketamine and PCP are more specifically classified as dissociative anesthetics, which can lead to confusion or a catatonic state in the individual (O'Malley and O'Malley 2022). Dextromethorphan, often found in cough suppressants, can cause both euphoria and hallucinations at elevated concentrations (Department of Justice/Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Fact Sheet 2020) (Journey, Agrawal and Stern 2023). Although PCP, ketamine and Dxm, have been previously validated for quantitative analysis by Gas Chromatography or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in a toxicological setting, a validated method has not been developed on LCMSMS. Using the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation and Confirmation by LCMSMS method and the target analytes; PCP-d5, Dxm-d3, and ketamine-d4 as internal standards, a full validation was performed. A standard validation protocol is outline in the Quality Manual and Toxicology Procedures Manual published by the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. The validation included bias and precision, sensitivity, linearity and calibration model, ionization enhancement, carryover, interferences, dilution integrity, stability, and robustness studies. As the research is still ongoing, the validation method is proving to be successful in the identification and quantification of the drugs with the method. The residual data was added to determine the calibration models and then analyzed using a single factor ANOVA and paired two sample t-tests. PCP, DXM, and ketamine were determined to be quadratic weighted. In addition to the linear/quadratic nature of the models the data analysis also determined them to all be best fit weighted 1/x. Residual plots were made to graph this data for each compound. Further investigation into the nature of these plot will additionally be conducted as the research continues. The successful quantitation and confirmation of PCP, Dxm, and ketamine using the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation and Confirmation by LCMSMS method allows for the implication of a new method into the toxicology section standard practices. Future work connected to these findings can include the continuation of validation research concerning the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs method involving other toxicological drugs.
Validation of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, and Dextromethorphan using Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation and Confirmation by Liquid-Liquid Extraction using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Poster - Basic
Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and Dextromethorphan (Dxm) are hallucinogenic drugs commonly abused in the USA and are included in common drugs of abuse panels. Ketamine and PCP are more specifically classified as dissociative anesthetics, which can lead to confusion or a catatonic state in the individual (O'Malley and O'Malley 2022). Dextromethorphan, often found in cough suppressants, can cause both euphoria and hallucinations at elevated concentrations (Department of Justice/Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Fact Sheet 2020) (Journey, Agrawal and Stern 2023). Although PCP, ketamine and Dxm, have been previously validated for quantitative analysis by Gas Chromatography or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in a toxicological setting, a validated method has not been developed on LCMSMS. Using the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation and Confirmation by LCMSMS method and the target analytes; PCP-d5, Dxm-d3, and ketamine-d4 as internal standards, a full validation was performed. A standard validation protocol is outline in the Quality Manual and Toxicology Procedures Manual published by the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. The validation included bias and precision, sensitivity, linearity and calibration model, ionization enhancement, carryover, interferences, dilution integrity, stability, and robustness studies. As the research is still ongoing, the validation method is proving to be successful in the identification and quantification of the drugs with the method. The residual data was added to determine the calibration models and then analyzed using a single factor ANOVA and paired two sample t-tests. PCP, DXM, and ketamine were determined to be quadratic weighted. In addition to the linear/quadratic nature of the models the data analysis also determined them to all be best fit weighted 1/x. Residual plots were made to graph this data for each compound. Further investigation into the nature of these plot will additionally be conducted as the research continues. The successful quantitation and confirmation of PCP, Dxm, and ketamine using the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation and Confirmation by LCMSMS method allows for the implication of a new method into the toxicology section standard practices. Future work connected to these findings can include the continuation of validation research concerning the Miscellaneous Basic Drugs method involving other toxicological drugs.
Comments
Undergraduate