Publication Date

12-2-2025

School

School of Health Sciences

Major

Biology: Cell and Molecular Biology

Keywords

gut microbiota, dietary polyphenols, metabolic syndrome, metabolites, type 2 diabetes, bioavailability, gut dysbiosis, interindividual variation, microbiome modulation

Disciplines

Alternative and Complementary Medicine | Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition | Biochemistry | Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics | Microbiology | Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern characterized by peripheral insulin resistance as well as impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome, specifically gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiome, is a critical modulator of the pathophysiology of T2DM. Dietary polyphenols, a diverse group of bioactive compounds that are abundant in plant-based foods, have recently gained attention for their potential to attenuate metabolic disorders through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as through modulating the composition and activity of gut microbes, thereby attenuating dysbiosis. However, the diabetic state may influence polyphenol metabolism, absorption, and bioavailability, thus affecting their therapeutic efficacy. This review examines the complex interrelationships between T2DM, dietary polyphenols, and gut microbiota and proposes a potential dynamic triangular interaction between the three factors that might inform novel strategies for managing metabolic disease.

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