Publication Date

2025

School

School of Health Sciences

Major

Biology: Biomedical Sciences

Keywords

Multiple Sclerosis, Demyelinating Disease, Oligodendrocyte, Glial Cell

Disciplines

Medical Neurobiology | Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS), primarily concerning oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS and the neurons that are ensheathed in myelin. MS is the most common demyelinating disease, affecting as many as 300,000 yearly in the United States alone. Much debate centers on whether MS onset is primarily caused by autoimmune reactions or intrinsic dysfunction in oligodendrocytes, which prompts an immune-mediated response. Those who review the current literature on MS may become quickly overwhelmed by the volume and variety of available material. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of MS pathophysiology, to compile research related to established therapies, and to present novel clinical targets for researchers, scientists, and clinicians to consider.

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