Date

7-21-2026

Department

School of Health Sciences

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences (PhD)

Chair

Justin Kilian

Keywords

concurrent training, flexible programming, autoregulation, remote training, sleep, perceived readiness, multilevel modeling

Disciplines

Kinesiology

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a trainee-driven flexible concurrent training program to a traditional fixed concurrent training program over 16 weeks of remote training in recreationally trained individuals. Participants were randomized into a flexible group that selected workouts based on daily perceived readiness or a control group that followed a fixed training schedule. The primary outcome was a total fitness score derived from a three-repetition maximum deadlift, a two-minute push-up test, and a two-mile run, assessed every four weeks. A secondary analysis used multilevel modeling to examine whether self-reported sleep duration predicted perceived readiness to train at the within-person and between-person levels. Results indicated that both groups improved significantly over time, with no significant between-group differences in total fitness score at most time points. Adherence declined in the flexible group as the study progressed, with the control group demonstrating significantly higher adherence among participants who completed 16 weeks of training. The secondary analysis revealed that sleep duration significantly predicted readiness at both the within-person and between-person levels, supporting the use of subjective readiness monitoring in trainee-driven programming models. These findings suggest that flexible concurrent training produces similar outcomes to fixed programming in the short to medium term, though additional strategies may be needed to sustain adherence in longer programs delivered remotely.

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