Publication Date

Spring 4-23-2025

School

School of Health Sciences

Major

Biology: Biomedical Sciences

Keywords

diabetic retinopathy, diabetes, retina, pathophysiology, literature review

Disciplines

Endocrine System Diseases | Eye Diseases | Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology | Nervous System | Nervous System Diseases | Neurosciences | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is a severe complication of diabetes that is capable of causing vision loss or blindness. As a result of hyperglycemia, the disease increases oxidative stress and activates biochemical processes such as the Hippo pathway and the complement system to cause significant damage to the retina. Overexpression of BTG1 and microRNA-183 enables activation of biochemical pathways that lead to negative effects on the retinal vascular endothelium including angiogenesis and inflammation. Conventional methods of diagnosis for diabetic retinopathy include fundus examination, nucleoside detection, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Photocoagulation and hormonal intravitreal injection are the most popular current treatments, while research continues on the potential of new treatments that inhibit retinopathy-inducing proteins and microRNA.

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